Thread Cryotubes: Ultra-Low Temperature Storage for Biological Samples

Cryotubes are Thread Cryotubes which are ultra-low temperature devices for the storage and transportation of biological specimens. They are extensively used in biobanking, medical research, clinical diagnostics, and life science industries.

Why Cryotubes Were Invented: The Story, The Science

The need for cryotubes stemmed from an aggravating problem in biomedical research which is the long term preservation of biological samples without compromising their integrity.

During the 1960s, researchers studying stem cells, cancer cells, and certain types of viruses faced a significant problem. Glass tubes used for storage would frequently shatter or crack when submerged in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). To solve this problem, cryobiologist Dr. Stanley Leibo began using polypropylene (PP)—a plastic that withstands extreme cold. Additionally, his design included a screw cap with internal threading that enhanced leak-proofing.

This innovation gave rise to modern cryotubes, transforming the preservation methods of biological samples. In vitro fertilization (IVF), vaccine cryopreservation, and stem cell biobanking have all benefited from this advancement.

Cryotubes have now become integral in scientific research as they provide a way to store information at ultra-low temperature for an extended period of time, giving scientists the time they need to devise solutions.

Specitication Of Cryo Tube

Feature Of Cryo Tubes

● Medical uses of polypropylene (PP) – Safe and non-toxic, the material is also strong and resistant to low temperatures.

● Temperature resistant to -196°C and 121°C – Safe to use for liquid nitrogen storage as well as steam sterilization.

● Color-coded caps – Improved visual sample management.

● DNase and RNase free, and also endotoxin free – Safe for use in sensitive molecular and clinical applications.

How to Use Cryotubes Properly

● Prepare the biological sample – cells, DNA extracts, or sera.

● Fill the cryotube and close with a color-coded cap.

● Document the sample and add date, identification, and source.

● Freeze gradually using a cryo-freezing container (e.g., drop 1°C/min until -80°C).

● Store long-term in liquid nitrogen tanks (-196°C) or ultra-low freezers (-80°C).

● To retrieve: thaw rapidly in a 37°C water bath to maintain cell viability.

Application Of Cryo Tubes

● Long-term storage biobanking

● Preserving DNA, RNA, and proteins

● Cryopreservation of stem cells and cell cultures

● Research and development of vaccines and antibodies

● Storage of embryos and sperms in IVF

● Diagnostic and clinical pathology labs in hospitals

● Logistics of cold chain sample transfer

FAQ

1. What is a cryo tube used for?

A cryo tube is a specialized container used to store biological samples—such as cells, DNA, RNA, proteins, and blood—at ultra-low temperatures, typically down to -196°C in liquid nitrogen. Cryo tubes are widely used in biobanks, medical research, and clinical labs.

2. What is the difference between internal thread and external thread cryo tubes?

Internal thread cryo tubes have a screw cap that fits inside the tube neck, offering better sealing and minimizing contamination. External thread cryo tubes have a screw cap that wraps around the outer neck, often making them easier to handle with gloves. Both types are used in cryogenic storage, depending on lab preferences and equipment compatibility.

3. Are cryo tubes autoclavable and safe for liquid nitrogen?

Yes. Most medical-grade cryo tubes are made from polypropylene (PP) and can withstand temperatures from -196°C to 121°C, making them both liquid nitrogen compatible and autoclavable for sterilization.

Conclusion

Thread Cryotubes not only serve as plastic vials, but also as scientific time capsules preserving the blueprint of life for decades and enabling uninterrupted advancements in research, diagnostics, and therapies..